(1) Based on 25 year’s of data, Grass:0.5-1.5; Berries, Shrubs, grape: 2-5; Deciduous Trees: 5-10;Conifer: 10-100.

(2) Warm spring, early summer: 0.25 to 0.95; Early spring, late winter & mid-summer: 0.10 to 0.15;
Fall rain: 0.15 to 0.20;
Drought/frozen soil/heavy metal/many pesticides: 0.05 or lower.
Values greater mean the organisms are recovering from a negative impact.
Values lower mean organisms are not recovering and help is needed,
typically addition of their food resource is required.

(3) Generally 1:1 results in good soil aggregate structure in crop soil; 2 to 5 for deciduous trees; 5 for conifers.
(4) Based on release of N from protozoan and nematode consumption of bacteria and fungi
(see Ingham et al 1985, and recent papers in Ecology supporting this work).

(5) Identification to genus.